When I was in France, there was a massive storm during my last week there and lightning struck the tree in the neighbor's yard. Lightning is charging by induction. Friction in the clouds make the cloud polarized into a positive top region and a negative bottom region. When the cloud is polarized, the earth too becomes polarized; the negative charge at the bottom of the cloud induces a positive charge at the surgace of the ground below. Lighting is when a transfer of electrons between the clouds and the ground occurs.

Journal 1

A wave is a disturbance that repeats regularly in space and time and is transmitted progressively from one place to the next with no net transport of matter. In this wave, the speaker playing music is transmitting soundwaves. The cup in front of it was just filled to the brim with water. When I turned the volume louder, I noticed ripples appearing in the cup of water. Soundwaves are longitudinal, meaning that the motion of the particles is parallel to the direction of the wave. The volume of the stereo was high enough to be emitting waves of larger amplitude. These waves passed through the air, through the paper cup and through the water. This disturbance caused ripples, or waves, in the water. These waves were transverse, meaning that the matter was moving perpendicular to the movement of the waves. Though the water came close to falling over the edge periodically, it would always return to resting position. This is not only an indication of water cohesion but also the characteristic of wave motion that the matter is not transported but the energy.